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Development Highlights
By Lykke E. Andersen*,
La Paz,
2
June
2008.
Due to travelling, this weeks'
newsletter will highlight a collection of earlier articles on
the topic of Development.
The First Principle of Development:
It has to come from within (L.
E. Andersen)
There are many ways for a country to develop, but there is no
way to develop a country: Development has to come from
within.
Just as you cannot help a child
develop by doing his homework, giving him all the toys and candy
he wants, and protecting him from all potential dangers, you
cannot help a country to develop by giving it money, writing its
poverty reduction strategies, or protecting it against basic
market forces.
(Continue reading...)
Do Your Aid Projects Hurt the Poor?
(L. E. Andersen)
There are many aid pessimists, like
me, who would much rather be aid optimists. However, the
empirical evidence on the effectiveness of foreign aid is
depressing, especially in poor countries where aid constitutes a
significant share of GDP, as in Bolivia and Nicaragua.
Any particular aid project is
unlikely to actually hurt the poor – at worst it may be
ineffective and a waste of time and money. However, a continuous
series of thousands of aid projects have the capacity to change
the behavior of both individuals and government, and often in
unanticipated and undesirable ways.
(Continue reading...)
Poverty on a 62-foot yacht in the
Pacific Ocean (L. E. Andersen)
Most of the people who write about
poverty have never themselves been poor (including myself). This
is not so strange, since the poor are too poor to write, even if
some of them have the ability. They do not have the surplus of
energy and time alone that is required to sit down and write to
record or transmit their feelings, thoughts and ideas. They do
not write blogs or diaries and they virtually never get hired as
consultants to study poverty.
Might it be the case that the ones
writing about poverty don’t really understand it?
(Continue reading ...)
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Why don’t all countries adopt good
institutions?(L. E. Andersen)
Having good institutions that guarantee citizens a large degree
of economic freedom has been shown to be strongly correlated
with the usual development indicators, such as GDP per capita,
life expectancy, and literacy rates, and negatively correlated
with poverty, child labor, child mortality and informality.
Why do some countries tangle their
citizens in red tape, waste people’s time with dozens of
national holidays, and clog up the streets with patriotic
parades? Why does it have to take months and cost a small
fortune (150% of average annual per capita GDP) to set up a
formal enterprise in Bolivia, when in Denmark and Canada it can
be done in half an hour at no cost?
Why don’t all countries adopt good
institutions?
(Continue reading...)
Envy, Black Magic, Growth and
Inequality (L. E. Andersen)
It has been reasonably well-established
in the literature that not only absolute income levels matter
for the level of happiness, but also relative income levels. You
don’t like to see too much poverty around you (thus the case for
altruism), but you don’t like to see rich, ostentatious people
either (causing envy). This article is mostly about the latter.
If you can’t increase your own
income (for example because of low social mobility), then you
can theoretically improve your happiness by reducing other
people’s incomes. This would explain such unconstructive
behavior as vandalism and black magic.
(Continue reading...)
(*) Director, Institute for Advanced Development Studies, La
Paz, Bolivia. The author happily receives comments at the
following e-mail:
landersen@inesad.edu.bo.
Ó
Institute for Advanced Development Studies 200 8.
The opinions expressed in this Newsletter are those of the
author, and do not necessarily reflect those of the Institute or
of the sponsors.
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